For many dog owners, handing out treats is one of the most enjoyable ways to bond with a pet—but do you really know what’s in those colourful, crunchy biscuits or chewy strips? While packaging often uses buzzwords like “natural”, “grain-free” or “vet-approved”, the science behind these claims is often more complex than it seems.
Understanding the ingredients in your dog’s treats is crucial not only for their enjoyment but also for their long term health and wellbeing.
What’s Actually in a Typical Dog Treat?
Dog treats can vary widely in their ingredients, depending on the brand, type and intended use. Standard commercial treats often contain a mix of protein sources (such as chicken meal or beef by-products), fillers like maize or wheat, fats, preservatives, flavour enhancers, and sometimes added vitamins or minerals.
The problem is that many labels are vague. For instance, terms like “meat meal” or “animal by-products” don’t specify which animals are used or what parts. In fact, “meat meal” may contain a variety of tissues from multiple sources, and while not inherently dangerous, this lack of specificity makes it hard to assess quality.
Artificial colours and preservatives such as BHA, BHT and ethoxyquin are also still used in some products, despite being flagged in human food debates. While allowed in pet foods at controlled levels, some studies suggest long-term exposure could pose risks, particularly for dogs with sensitivities or existing health conditions.
The Misleading Language of Pet Food Marketing
Pet treat labels are governed by fewer regulations than human food, and marketing language often fills that gap. Words like “natural”, “organic” and “premium” are not always regulated strictly or used consistently across brands. In the UK, the Pet Food Manufacturers’ Association (PFMA) provides guidance, but enforcement often relies on company standards.
“Grain-free” is another common term that deserves scrutiny. While some dogs have genuine grain sensitivities, most tolerate grains like rice or oats just fine. In fact, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has investigated a possible link between grain-free diets and an increased risk of heart disease (specifically, canine dilated cardiomyopathy) in certain breeds.
The concern is that grain-free foods often replace grains with legumes or potatoes, which may not provide the same nutritional balance.
Reading the Label: What Should You Look For?
To make informed choices, pet owners should read beyond the flashy claims and look closely at the ingredient list and nutritional information. Here are a few guidelines:
- Protein Source: Look for clearly named proteins like “chicken”, “beef”, or “salmon” rather than vague terms like “animal meal”.
- Order of Ingredients: Ingredients are listed by weight, so those at the top make up the majority of the product.
- Additives and Preservatives: Try to avoid artificial additives. Natural preservatives like mixed tocopherols (a source of vitamin E) are generally safer.
- Calories: Treats should make up no more than 10% of your dog’s daily calorie intake to avoid weight gain.
What Does Science Say About Functional Dog Treats?
Recently, there’s been a surge in “functional” dog treats—those claiming to promote joint health, shiny coats, dental hygiene, or calming effects. While some ingredients used in these treats (like glucosamine, omega-3 fatty acids, or L-theanine) have shown promise in studies, the quantities in treats are often too small to have a meaningful impact unless used consistently and at therapeutic doses.
Additionally, not all claims are backed by peer-reviewed research. Just like with supplements for humans, dog owners should be sceptical of health promises that aren’t supported by evidence. Products labelled as “veterinarian-recommended” should also be approached with caution, unless they’re supported by published clinical trials or are formulated to meet veterinary standards.
Are Homemade or “Natural” Treats Better?
Some pet owners turn to homemade dog treats or boutique brands with minimal ingredients to avoid unknown additives. This can be a healthy choice if done correctly. The risk with homemade treats is unbalanced nutrition, especially if treats are given in large quantities. Certain human foods commonly used in DIY dog treat recipes (like onions, raisins, and some nut butters) can be toxic to dogs, so careful research is essential.
According to the founders of healthy dog treats Chef Woof, “Pet owners want transparency and safety in what they feed their dogs. Our goal is to combine simple, wholesome ingredients with clear labelling and veterinary input.” Companies like Chef Woof are part of a growing movement towards clean-label pet foods, which aim to list every ingredient clearly and use only those that serve a real nutritional purpose.
How to Make the Healthiest Choice
Choosing the right treat starts with knowing your dog’s individual needs. A puppy, a senior dog, or a dog with allergies will each have different nutritional requirements. Speak to your vet before introducing a new type of treat, especially if your dog is on a restricted diet or has health issues.
When in doubt, choose treats with short ingredient lists, clear protein sources, and minimal processing. High-protein, single-ingredient options like freeze-dried liver or dehydrated sweet potato can be both nutritious and low-risk. Also, consider the purpose of the treat, whether it’s for training, occasional rewards or health support, and adjust portions accordingly.
Final Thoughts
Not all dog treats are created equal, and the label doesn’t always tell the full story. With a little scientific understanding and careful reading, you can avoid misleading claims and choose products that truly support your pet’s health. Treats should be fun, but they should also be safe, nutritious, and part of a well-balanced diet because when it comes to our pets, nothing less than the truth behind the label will do.
